2.
   2023
/   
      
(1947-2000 .)
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.                 
2.                
 -
3. 1966             
4.              
 -
5.           
2.
6.                  
-
7.                  
           
8.        -       '  
2.
   2023
/   
      
(1947-2000 .)
 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.                 
:1947              
        '     
 -  ,
,               

       ,      , 
        
 1947              ,  
           ,   
 -        ,    
,     
  ,    , 19
  
 20
     -   
            
     '          " 
 "         ,    
       ,      ,    
               
     
2.
1900     ,          -  
         '      
,                  
  '    
1940       '         
         
         
   ,            
1940      -        
        ,     
   ,      
 1947 ,     -    -      
      :
   
     
                
 ?      
         
 ,          
  1947       ,      
   -      
   
              10  15 
     -     ,       
 
   
           
   ,  

 
    
 , -   ,  
       
        

       ,        
            
           , 
                
                 
2.
      
            , 
      
                  
    ,      

                -
  ,        ,    ,
  -       
    ,          , 
  ,           
 
  
 -             , 
    
 :
          
             
,        
     
1960         
    ,      ,   
,           
   
              
  ,             
   ,      
       
-           -    
         ,       
    ,           
   
2.
               
 - , ,    -     
  ,        
 ,               
,          
 ,   

          
    
,  
     ,          
   
 
       
     ,    
        ,    ,  
  
        
 -       

    ,  ,       
          - ,   
   
               
       ,    -  
          
      
,           
2.                
:                |
    ,   , ,       ,
      "  "       
-     - 1947      ,     
          ,     
                 

        
,  , -   
2.
             ,  
 
1.    
1947                
   , ,           
:
         
  
          
            
  ,      
        
    
2.  
    '       ,   , 
       ,      
      
,   -  
             
     ,       
3.       
      ,    ,    
      ,       ,   
           
    
    , -,     -    
  '           
   
4.        
           ,   
                
  
             
 ,       -   ,    
  
5.  
   
 -       , , 
   ,   ,         ,
2.
, ,            

        ,      
   ,     
6.     
        
       
 ,               
:
       
 -           
      ,        
             ,  
        
7.     
                
         ,    
      
       
       , 
   
  
8.  
 ,               
        ,       
 ,     
  ,     
              

 

      -     , ,  
        , , 
,             

-    , -        
 
2.
 -
3. 1966             
:    1966        '  
  
 -  , ,           
           ,     
                 
      
   --        
󷊆󷊇:       
  1947   ,          
              
   -     -     
 ,           -      
           '      
                
1956 ,        ,     ' 
     ,       
󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆    ?
               
      
      '      ,      
         
 
 ?
   :
2.
1.    
            
   , 
            
2.    
                 ,
          
3.  
        ,       
 
4.      
          '   ,    
          
󽇐   
            
              
 ,    ,   ,  
    
   '         
     '          '   
 -
      
󽁗  
      

           
   
  -        
          -   
        
- 1950  1960       ,     
,       
2.
󹶪󹶫󹶬󹶭   , 1966
 ,        ,      ,
1966  
       '   
     ?
1.   
          
2.   
         
3.      
             
      
4.      
        ,       '
    
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
     
  
󷄧󼿒       
    ,          
 
󷄧󼿒  
           -   
,     '     
󷄧󼿒  
     ,            
󷄧󼿒  
2.
           ,      
 
󽁔󽁕󽁖   
         ,       :
           
        
      
,        


󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
         
 :  
     ,          
   
               -
              
   ,           
 
󼩏󼩐󼩑
  ,            
            ,   
  , 1966           

   ,     ,      ,
                
      - ,       
2.
4.              
:      '         |
             ,   
   1960      ,      
              
 , ,       ,     
  ,               ,
           ,   
 
1.     ?
             :
-     (HYV)    
          
      
     
     -  ,   1950  1960  
        
2.      
?
          
:
       
         
        
 ,    "    "  ,       
  
3.   '     
a)                   
     ,       -    
      
)            ,    
,  ,   ,         
     
2.
c)         ,       
  ,           

)               
 '    
        

4.   '     
     ,          
a)                
              
      
)        '     
 ,           ,    
     ,          
c)     '         ,
             
       
d)             
 ,           ,     "
"     
e)         
    
 
  
   ,        
                  

f)           , -
             , 
       
5.    
        ,         
     ,          
            ,     
    

2.

                 ,
 ,         
,        
 -
5.           
:       
 -  , , ,  
                
   
" "    ,      
    , ,   -    
 -     
        ,        
  ,            ,
 ,       ,     
        
  :      
    19
    20
      
       ,       
 
    '          
  -     , -      
             
  -,             
   ,            
 - ,    ,       
 ,             
 
    
     :       
1947             -     
     ,             
         -     
 
2.
    ' -       ,    
           ,  
                
        
      :    
    ,         
 ,              
,          
1950  1960   ,   , 
    
       ,           
,            '    , 
,      -   
 ,   1960           , 
               
 , ,          
 
      
20
   ,           
; ,       
,            
             
   , ,     
          - 
  , ,
        
  '    
              
      
    ,          

  ,  ,         
                 

            
2.
      ,  ,      
           
,       '
                
    -          
  ,  ( )        ,  
         ,    ,    
  ,       
 
2.
  :     
                
       ,        
      , ,        
   ,           , 

  , , ,       
   
              ' 
       '     ,       
 ,              

       
   ,         
     ,        
    - ,         
     -         
               : " 
     ?      ?" 
        

 ,             -   '
    
    
,               
   ,            
     
         ,       
          ,    
     
        
 -     
   
 
2.

                
              
 ,             
       
     
  
   ,    ,           
6.                  
:                  |
1947              
            
,              
                
   
       ,    

1.   -       
   ,         1947    
 ,     '        
     ,          
     ,           

               
2.        
      ,       '  

               
      
            
 ()      ()  
    
       ,   
         
2.
          

3.      
            1962    
  ()           ,
   ,  -       
               '
    
4.      
-   ,        
        
()  
            
     (...)   
  
  '           '
    
5.      
1980   ,              
 -     ,        
        ,  ,   
             ,   
      
6.    
               ,
         ,      
   ,           , 
  , , ,          
          
 
7.    
  ,          :
-   :            
2.
   :   -        , 
 ,       
 :         '   
 
      :        , 
      
  
            
 
8.    
    ,    ,       '
              
          
                

         ,    
                
,                
,        '  ,       
 
-
7.                  
           
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆       - 
       ,   '   
 
     ,       ,  
 
          ,  
    
                
          
 ,              
         ,     '  

2.
             ,     
            
       
  ,      :

 


     -     -      
  
󽆪󽆫󽆬      
   19
 20
         
      , ,        

              
             
           
   ,   ,         
  ,         ,   
  '  
               '
 
 -    ,      
󷘧󷘨     
              
,           ,  
-    
            

2.
,     20
        
          
      
      
       
       ,    
 
'    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       
     '          
 ' 
󷘧󷘨   -      
          
            
    '    ,       
     
      :
      
      
     
            ,   
  '  
  ,            
󷘧󷘨       
"  "             
   -         
 ,        
2.
   '  :
  
 


   ,       '    
     
          -      

󷘧󷘨   -      
        
     
  - ,    '  
       
      ,         
 :
   
    
 
  '    
  
,         
󷘧󷘨        
     
 -    
    
 :
󷄧󼿒:     
 
󷄧󼿒 :    
󷄧󼿒:       
󷄧󼿒:      
2.
 ,           
󷊆󷊇
         
        
        '   ,    
  ,    
 
  ,  ,   ,  ,    
                
 -          
8.        -       '  
:              '
,   "   "  "   "    , 
           :    
     
;  ,     -
        ,      
      ,          
1.         
a)                
  ,     , ,      
                   ,
         ,      
     ,      
b)         
 :       ,     
     
 :   , -   ,     
      
   :    ,        
     
2.
     :   ,  ,     
      
c)        
  :   ,  ,       
 
   :      ,   
  
    :     ,   -   
 
   :         , 
   ,         
d)            -  
 ,              
               ,
          
2.       
a)                
     ,          
          
b)       
     :          
-     
   :             
   :      
   
        
   :      -   
         
c)      
   :          
   
   :    ,  ,     
 
   :            
   
 
2.
  '  :      ,     
 ,

      
d)         
   
 -  -   ()    
   ,           
   , -        
        
3.   '   
         -     :
       ,     
         ,   
  
  ,   
         
     ,  ,     
  

              
                ,
                
 
  -   , ,      

"                 
 
          ,         
 "